Studies with dichotomous or continuous outcomes may involve either a matched or independent study design. The alternative hypotheses of interest may be specified either in terms of differing response rates, means, or survival times, or in terms of relative risks or odds ratios. A computer program is available that can be used for studies with dichotomous, continuous, or survival response measures. The sample size and power equations for these designs are shown to be special cases of two generic formulae for sample size and power calculations. Methods of sample size and power calculations are reviewed for the most common study designs.
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